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During the past few years, electroluminescence imaging has become a standard characterization technique for failure analysis and qualification of silicon wafer-based solar cells and modules. In contrast, the same analysis is not yet widely used for thin-film modules. This article demonstrates that electroluminescence analysis is a highly suitable tool for the in-depth investigation of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar modules as well as for standard quality control. The reciprocity between the photovoltaic action and the electroluminescence emission of solar cell devices is used to derive quantitative relations that describe the voltage distribution within a solar module. Individual shunt spots in a module are not only visualized but their influence on the current voltage curves of the individual cells is quantitatively analyzed. Furthermore, device parameters like the sheet resistances of the window layer and the back contact are derived from the electroluminescence images
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